Improvement in apparatus for heating, cooling, and ventilating



D. E. SOMES.

Apparatus for Heating, Cooling, and Ventilating.

No. 51,236. v 1 Patented Nov. 28, 1865.

. UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

D. E. SOIVIES, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, COOLING, AND VENTILATING.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 51,236, dated November28, 1865.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DANIEL E. SOMES, of the city of Washington, in theDistrict of Columbia. have made a new and useful Improvement in Cooling,Heating, and Ventilating Buildings and Apartments; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full and exact description of the same,reference being bad tothe annexed drawings, making a partof thespecification.

The first part of this invention consists in certain devices for coolingair, the object being to present to the current of the air a largecooling-surface without increasing too much the friction. For thispurpose I construct what I call aeooling-tank, as shown atAinthedrawings. This tank may be situated deep in the earth, and thuscooled by the low temperature always existing at certain depths belowthe surface, aided, it need be, by artificial modes of cooling, or thetank may be situated at any point at which it may be cooled. In thistank are placed the airtubes b b 2), arranged in headpieces 0 O in themanner well known in the construction of tubular boilers, so as topresent alarge coolingsurface. At each end the tubes 1) I) open into thespaces (1 d. One of these spaces, d, is connected by the duct f with thefan-blower B or any suitable device for forcing air. The other space,(1, is connected with the distributing-pipes D, which convey the air tothe building to be cooled.

The tubes 1) may be contracted where they enter the space d so as tocause some pressure on the air contained in the tubes immersed in thecooling-tank A. This compression causes the air to give up part of itsheat, and as it expands from the narrow outlets into space (1 itstemperature will fall. There will be but little loss from friction, asthe contraction is made by partly closing, by means of a disk, theoutlet ends of the tubes.

In many buildings itis desirable to warm the air used in ventilating atsome seasons and to cool it at others. Therefore, the second part of myinvention consists in so arranging the cold-air tubes and ducts abovementioned as to form a continuous system with the ordinary hot-air fluesor passages, so that the same flues are used to distribute at pleasureeither hot or cold air. This arrangement is shown in plan in Figure 1and partly in section in Fig. 3, where F F are the ordinary hot-airfurnaces or other convenient heaters for warming builrb ings. By thisarrangement I am enabled at pleasure to throw into the building eitherhot or cold air, and thus to secure at all times the proper or desirabletemperature with the necessary amount of ventilation.

For the purpose of warming the air, instead of using the ordinaryheaters F F or other heaters of the common forms, I sometimes arrange afurnace under the tank A, so as to heat the water therein, and tank Athen with its tubes becomes a very convenient air-warming apparatus.

Instead of a furnace under A steam-pipes may be carried through the tankA or steam may be admitted directly into the tank, so as to heat thewater contained therein.

NVhen the tank A is used as a heater the tubes 1) I) should not becontracted where they open into space (1.

The air, after having been warmed as just described, may be, ifnecessary, still further warmed by passing it through the cold-airspaces of an ordinary hot-air furnace, as shown at F F, or by means ofany ordinary heater.

The same registers and other devices commonly used in heating andventilatingmay be used with my system of cooling, heating, andventilating.

When I wish to economize heat as much as possible I arrange the fines orchannels which convey the fresh air into the warming or coolingapparatus so as to bring them in contact with or through the flues'and'channels which convey the foul air from the building, so that the freshair in winter will be partially warmed by passing in a flue or channelthrough or near the flue or channel which conveys the warm foul air fromthe building. In summer the conditions are reversed with the samearrangement of devices.

In Fig. 4, h is the fresh-air duct, passing through the foulair flue l.These flues may change places-that is, the fresh air may at pleasure bemade to pass through either and the foul air through the remaining one.Instead of passing the one within the other they may be arranged side byside. When desirable, the outgoing current may be further cooled by ajetof water. This will in turn cool the incoming current and serve toproduce a downward draft in the fresh-air flue; or cold-water pipes orchannels may be arranged by the side of the fresh-air flue so as-tocause an inward draft.

I prefer to bring the cold air in the room at the top or at somedistance above the floor, so that it will fall and be evenlydistributed. (See M, M, M, &c.,in Fig. 4.)

To carry off the foul heavy gases, carbonic acid, &o., I place registersat or near the floor. An artificialdraft may be made to aid the drawingoff of these gases, or the arrangement of a ventilator to be acted uponby the natural wind currents maybe made to keep up a draft. By drawingthe foul air from the bottom of the room in winter the warm air will beprevented from accumulating in the top of the room, as it does when thecommon registers, placed near the top of the room, are used.

In applying my system to a large or expensive building the best plan isto use any convenient motive power, as steam, to produce the forcerequired; but where such power would be too expensive and troublesome,as in ordinary dwellings, asubstitute may be found in the naturalcurrents of the wind. A convenient mode of using the wind for thispurpose is shown at P, Fig. 4. A frame is made to project some distancebeyond the building at the point where the air is to be taken in, with avane balanced so that thelong end shall point inward. The vane will thenturn so as to catch the current of air and conduct it into the buildingwith the full force of the wind. At the point where the air is to beexpelled from the building this arrangement is to be reversed and thefoul air will be drawn out by the current of wind passing by the vane.

In Fig. 5 is shown a chimney or stack, which may be situated at adistance from the building to be cooled. Inside this chimney arecoldwater pipes, which may be arranged vertically as shown in Fig. 4, orthey may be arranged in the form of a coil, the object being to presentas large a cooling surface as possible. By arranging the water-pipes soas to ascend and descend many times, a small quantity of Water is madeto cool a large quantity of air, for, after descending into the earth orinto a coolingtank, the water again rises into the chimney and furthercools the air. Water-tubes as here described may be connected with theordinary water-pipes as used in cities.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The construction and arrangement of a system of tubes or pipes in acooling tank or cistern so as to obtain a large cooling-surface,substantially as set forth and described.

2. The combination of a system of warming and cooling apparatus withdevices for receiving, cooling or warming, and distributing air inbuildings or apartments, as described.

3. The combination of the lines or channels for introducing airinto andexpelling air from buildings, so as to economize in heating or cooling,as herein described.

4. The combination of air-forcing apparatus with a system of flues orchannels for cooling air, as described. 7

5. The arrangement of devices whereby the foul air is drawn off throughor near the floor and fresh air is thrown into the upper part of thebuilding.

D. E. SOMES. Witnesses:

H. S. BROWN, FRED. B. GINN.

